2.6-4% of patients with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) have an IVC thrombus.
Risk Factors: IVC filter, congenital IVC anomaly, Budd-Chiari syndrome, prothrombotic factors (smoking, obesity, oral contraceptives, nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy, malignancy–especially renal cell carcinoma).
Complications: pulmonary embolism (30%), venous claudication (45%), venous ulceration (15%), lower extremity DVT (90%)
Mortality: twice as high as that of DVT
Management: Anticoagulation
Reference: Alkhouli M, Morad M, Narins CR, Raza F, Bashir R. Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016 Apr 11;9(7):629-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.12.268. Epub 2016 Mar 4. PMID: 26952909.